#Fetales

PMID: 33628563 Fetus in fetu (FIF) is an extremely rare developmental condition. It occurs in about 1 in 500 000 live births, and around 200 cases have been reported in medical literature. FIF is usually retroperitoneal, but it has been reported at various sites. Majority of cases have been described in neonates and children, and only few cases have been reported after the age of 15 years and most of them are male. Fetus in fetu occurs secondary to abnormal embryogenesis in a monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy in which a malformed parasitic twin is found inside the body of its partner as an abdominal fetiform mass. However, other sites like the mediastinum, neck, sacrococcygeal region, back, scrotal sac, cranial cavity, and oral cavity have also been reported to contain FIF. Most commonly, it presents with a single parasitic fetus as in our case; however, multiple fetuses ranging from 2 to 5 have also been reported. Symptoms relate to the mass effect. Organs of different systems can be found in these fetuses. Commonly noticed organs are the vertebral column and limbs. However, other organs such as the ribs, central nervous systems, gastrointestinal tract, vessels, and occasionally thymic tissues can also be seen. Other uncommon organs reported are thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, spleen, kidney, adrenal, testis, ovaries, urinary bladder, tongue, salivary glands, lymph nodes, trachea, and teeth. Fetus in fetu and well-formed teratoma having all three germ layer components are a matter of dispute for their independent existence. “Willis criteria” explain the differences between the two, on the basis of an axial skeleton with vertebral axis development (explaining embryological development passing through the stage of primitive streak) and an appropriate arrangement of other organs and limbs with respect to the axis in FIF. To be called fetus in fetu, the mass must demonstrate true organogenesis. #fetusinfetu #twinpregnancy #twins

“The first trimester scan is more than just a picture… Sometimes, it reveals life-changing truths. Anencephaly is a severe neural tube defect that can be detected as early as 12–13 weeks. Timely screening means timely counseling and compassionate care. Plan your pregnancy. Take folic acid. Choose awareness. Choose safer motherhood.” 🤍#ultrasound #ntscan #obgyn #pregnancyawareness #screeningsaveslives

Fetal anomaly scan #dr_wasi_ultrasound #medicaleducation #fetalmedicine

Clinical Presentation: 37 weeks gestation with decreased perception of fetal movements. Patient Details: Age: 30 years Gender: Female Ultrasound Findings No fetal cardiac activity detected on real-time imaging and M-mode evaluation. Marked overlapping of the fetal skull bones, consistent with Spalding sign. Diffuse soft tissue edema with gross distortion of fetal anatomy. Echogenic foci of gas within the fetal heart, consistent with Robert sign. Straightened umbilical cord with absence of flow on colour Doppler evaluation. No fetal movements observed during the examination. Impression Ultrasound findings are consistent with intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) at 37 weeks gestation. The presence of: Spalding sign (overlapping skull bones) Robert sign (gas within fetal heart) Diffuse fetal edema and maceration changes Absent cardiac activity and absent umbilical cord flow indicates fetal death, likely not recent (Spalding sign typically appears approximately one week after fetal demise). Definition (For Clinical Understanding) Spalding Sign Overlapping of fetal skull bones due to shrinkage of brain tissue following fetal death. It is a classic ultrasound sign of intrauterine fetal demise, usually appearing about one week after death. Robert Sign Presence of gas within the fetal heart or great vessels, caused by postmortem decomposition. It is another confirmatory sign of fetal demise. Recommendation Immediate obstetric consultation Maternal evaluation for cause of IUFD Counseling and management planning

Fetal Reduction of one fetus in twin pregnancy done at Delta Scan Centre.#fetalmedicine #fetalmedicinefoundation #fetalmedicinespecialist

Fetal Diagnosis?? Please give your valuable opinion #viralreelschallenge2025viralreelschallengejaiviralreelschallengeviralreelschallenge #vinayshuklusg #ultrasoundscan #radiologist

😞Fetal seizures are extremely rare and often discovered incidentally during ultrasound examinations. 😞The mother may occasionally perceive spasmodic fetal movements, subjectively interpreting them as sudden, strange movements, but within the normal range. 😞The obstetrician may diagnose fetal seizures in special pathological situations such as: nervous system abnormalities; cerebral hemorrhage; infections with a risk of brain involvement; maternal metabolic decompensation affecting the fetus; hypoglycemia and ketonemia in decompensated diabetes; and in cases of ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathies in traumatic deliveries, nuchal cords, and umbilical cord entanglements, etc. 😞 Fetal seizures are caused by paroxysmal electrical discharges due to intense depolarization and low repolarization of ATPase pumps (Na/K; Ca/Mg), leading to neuronal hyperexcitability and synchronization. This results in the release of excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine), primarily in the frontal and temporal lobes, as well as decreased GABAergic activity. 😞 In the fetus, tonic-clonic seizures and, occasionally, abnormal repetitive movements can be observed, distinguishable only by experts in maternal-fetal medicine. These observations can be seen on ultrasound from 32 weeks until the end of gestation. 😞 The treatment of fetal seizures will depend on the possible causes and a multidisciplinary approach involving a maternal-fetal medicine specialist and other specialists. Atte.Dr.Jaider Gómez D/Gineco-Obstetrician. Ws+584149712890/+584166741754.🇻🇪 @consultdrjaider on Instagram and Facebook. @dr_jaider on Instagram, tiktok and X. https://card.orbit900.com/dr.jaidergomezdiaz https://www.linkedin.com/in/consultdrjaider #fetalseizures #cerebralpalsy #fetus #consultdrjaider #drjaider dr_jaider

Patient Details: Age: 12 days Gender: Male Clinical Presentation: Neonatal sepsis. No history of trauma. Technique Transabdominal ultrasound examination performed using high-frequency probe with grayscale and colour Doppler imaging. Findings In the anatomical region of the right adrenal gland, there is a well-defined cyst-like lesion measuring approximately 3.2 × 3.2 cm. The lesion appears heterogeneous with internal septations. No internal vascularity is detected on colour Doppler imaging. No calcifications identified at present. The left adrenal gland appears normal. Both kidneys are normal in size and echotexture. No significant free intraperitoneal fluid. Impression Cystic, septated lesion in the right adrenal region without internal vascularity — findings are most consistent with right adrenal hemorrhage, likely related to neonatal stress/sepsis. Clinical and sonographic follow-up is recommended to document interval resolution and to exclude other adrenal pathology (e.g., neuroblastoma). Definitions Adrenal Hemorrhage (Neonatal): Bleeding into the adrenal gland, commonly seen in neonates due to birth stress, hypoxia, sepsis, or coagulopathy. The right adrenal gland is more frequently affected. Sonographic Features: Initially echogenic mass Becomes heterogeneous and cystic over time May show septations Typically lacks internal vascularity on Doppler Colour Doppler: An ultrasound technique used to assess blood flow within a lesion. Absence of internal vascularity supports hemorrhagic rather than neoplastic etiology.

Clinical Presentation: Two and a half months of amenorrhea Patient Data: Age: 25 years Gender: Female Findings Single live intrauterine fetus identified. Crown–rump length (CRL) corresponds to approximately 10 weeks 3 days, which is discordant with LMP-based gestational age of 12 weeks. Fetal head is seen in a fixed, markedly retroflexed position. Absence of normal neck contour. Continuity noted between the cranial vault and cervical spine. Characteristic “star-gazing” posture observed. Posterior cystic dilatation in the cranio-cervical region. Cranial vault appears abnormally formed. Impression Sonographic features are highly suggestive of a severe neural tube defect, most consistent with Iniencephaly. Gestational age discrepancy (CRL smaller than LMP dating). Prognosis is extremely poor. Definition – Iniencephaly Iniencephaly is a rare and severe neural tube defect characterized by: Extreme retroflexion (backward bending) of the fetal head Absence of normal neck Fusion or severe malformation of the cervical spine Continuity between the head and upper spine “Star-gazing” fetal appearance on ultrasound It occurs due to failure of proper neural tube closure during early embryonic development. Clinical Significance It is a lethal congenital anomaly in most cases. Frequently associated with other anomalies. Early diagnosis is important for parental counseling. Recommended Management Immediate referral to obstetrician/fetal medicine specialist Detailed anomaly scan Genetic counseling Discussion regarding prognosis and management options

Clinical Presentation: Antenatal ultrasound at approximately 26 weeks gestation identified a left flank mass. Fetal MRI performed for reassessment. Patient Details: Age: 20 years Gender: Female Ultrasound Findings (Limited Images Provided) A focal, elliptiform solid-appearing mass is identified in the left fetal flank region. The lesion is mildly echogenic relative to surrounding tissues. Increased internal vascularity is demonstrated on Doppler imaging. The mass appears well-encapsulated, though there is ill-defined superior margin. It is inseparable from the lateral abdominal wall musculature, suggesting possible origin from or involvement of the abdominal wall muscles. Impression Solid vascular left fetal flank mass, likely arising from the abdominal wall musculature. Differential considerations include: Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma Congenital hemangioma Rhabdomyoma Other mesenchymal soft tissue tumors Definition (For Clinical Understanding) Fetal Abdominal Wall Mass A solid mass arising from the fetal abdominal wall may originate from: Muscle Subcutaneous tissue Vascular structures Congenital Infantile Fibrosarcoma A rare malignant soft tissue tumor that: Often presents prenatally or in early infancy Appears as a solid, vascular mass May demonstrate rapid growth Generally has a favorable prognosis with surgical management Congenital Hemangioma A benign vascular tumor that: Is hypervascular May appear echogenic Can involute postnatally (depending on subtype) Recommendations Detailed fetal MRI evaluation Serial growth monitoring Multidisciplinary consultation (maternal-fetal medicine, pediatric surgery, neonatology) Delivery at a tertiary care center

When you should visit a Fetal Medicine Consultant #ultrasound #fetalmedicine #pregnancysonography #heathymotherhealthybaby

🧠✨ Fetal Occipital Meningo-Encephalocele – Antenatal Detection Matters. A rare but crucial neural tube defect where meninges and brain tissue herniate through an occipital skull defect, forming an extracranial sac. Early fetal ultrasound plays a key role in diagnosis, parental counselling, and perinatal planning. 🔍 Key USG Clues: • Occipital calvarial defect • Extracranial cystic / mixed sac • Continuity with intracranial contents 📌 Prognosis depends mainly on sac contents & associated anomalies. Every anomaly scan is a chance to change a life through early diagnosis and informed care. . #FetalMedicine #Radiology #Neurosonography #Encephalocele #PrenatalDiagnosis #ObstetricUltrasound #RadiologyCases #MedEducation #RadiologyLife #RadiologyEducation